Wednesday, January 7, 2009

Sakit Gigi Kala Hamil Bisa Sebabkan Kelahiran Prematur

SAKIT gigi memang tak mengenakkan. Bila terjadi saat hamil, apakah bisa memengaruhi kesehatan dan tumbuh kembang janin? Kecemasan itu bisa dihindari jika sedari dini Anda rutin memeriksakan gigi ke dokter, untuk memastikan bahwa gigi Anda dalam kondisi baik. Lantas, mengapa ibu hamil (bumil) cenderung memiliki masalah pada gigi dan rongga mulut? Tindakan apa yang bisa dilakukan?

Mengenai hal itu dr Iskandar Mirza SpOG, dari RSIA Graha Permata Ibu Depok dan drg Sarworini B Budiarjo, SpKGA, dari Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Anak UI memaparkannya untuk Anda.

Banyak keluhan yang seringkali dialami bumil, seperti ngidam, mual, muntah, badan terasa pegal-pegal dan sering buang air kecil. Keluhan lainnya yang paling sering menyertai bumil adalah pembengkakan gusi (gingivitis) akibat perubahan kondisi hormonal selama kehamilan. Akibatnya, gusi membengkak, mudah berdarah dan timbul nyeri yang disebabkan adanya pelebaran pembuluh darah di sekitar gusi.

Masalah gusi ini umumnya mulai terjadi pada trimester pertama. Namun, kondisi yang paling buruk sering dijumpai pada kehamilan trimester ketiga (usia kandungan 8 bulan). Nah, saat hormon mulai turun kala usia kehamilan 9 bulan, di situ pula masalah gusi akan mulai berkurang.

Selain pengaruh hormonal, kebiasaan nyemil dan frekuensi makan yang lebih sering bisa menyebabkan penumpukan plak lebih cepat sehingga mudah terjadi radang gigi dan karies. Belum lagi, morning sickness yang parah bisa meningkatkan keasaman dalam rongga mulut yang mengakibatkan erosi email gigi. Tak pelak, bumil jadi susah menelan makanan. Akibatnya, asupan nutrisi ke janin berkurang dan menimbulkan risiko bayi lahir dengan berat badan rendah.

Bahkan, dampaknya bisa lebih berat jika terjadi kelainan di sekitar gigi seperti gigi berlubang. Jika tidak segera ditambal maka kuman streptococcus bisa masuk melalui aliran darah hingga ke jantung yang menimbulkan penyakit jantung.

Tak hanya itu, bila mengalami masalah mulut saat mengandung, seperti infeksi gusi, karang gigi yang telah membentuk perkapuran, atau gigi tiruan yang kurang baik, akan berakibat pada meningkatnya hormon prostaglandin. Peningkatan hormon ini bisa menimbulkan kontraksi pada rahim sehingga dapat menyebabkan keguguran pada trimester pertama atau kelahiran prematur (usia kehamilan 28 minggu ke atas) dan inmatur (usia kehamilan 22 minggu ke atas, di bawah 28 minggu).

Sayangnya, saat hamil beberapa ibu merasa takut atau enggan berobat ke dokter gigi. Mereka beranggapan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh dokter bisa menimbulkan cacat pada bayi bahkan kesulitan saat persalinan. Tak heran, kerusakan gigi menjadi lebih parah karena sedari dini tak segera ditanggulangi.

Padahal, tidak semua tindakan perawatan gigi mengakibatkan efek yang membahayakan bagi kandungan. Yang terpenting, ada komunikasi antara dokter gigi, bumil serta dokter ginekolog yang merawatnya. Dengan demikian, dokter bisa meminimalisasi risiko sehingga bumil tak was-was terhadap kondisi janinnya.

Adapun, tindakan yang bisa dilakukan dokter seperti:

- Menambal gigi (dental filling and crowns) idealnya dilakukan pada trimester kedua. Hindari penggunaan amalgam karena mengandung merkuri (Hg). Logam berat tersebut melalui aliran darah bisa masuk ke dalam kandungan dan bisa membahayakan janin. Sebaiknya, konsultasikan terlebih dulu dengan dokter gigi Anda, bahan apa yang aman untuk menambal gigi.

- Seandainya ada gigi yang harus dicabut, biasanya dokter akan menundanya bila Anda tengah hamil trimester pertama atau ketiga. Prosedur cabut gigi bisa membuat bumil stres, itu yang harus dihindari. Pasalnya, masa trimester pertama merupakan periode pembentukan janin. Jika bumil stres bisa memicu terjadinya keguguran.

Sedangkan, pada trimester ketiga stres bisa memicu terjadinya kontraksi. Tak menutup kemungkinan, bayi lahir prematur. Jadi, dokter biasanya hanya akan memberikan obat khusus untuk mencegah rasa sakit, seperti obat antibiotik yang aman untuk janin.

- Rontgen gigi dengan sinar X juga sebaiknya dihindari karena dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan janin atau cacat apalagi pada trimester pertama.

Sumber : http://lifestyle.okezone.com/index.php/ReadStory/2009/01/06/196/180040/196/sakit-gigi-kala-hamil-bisa-sebabkan-kelahiran-prematur




You are responsible for the success of your job search. Other people can help you along the way, but ultimately it is up to you. Here are some tips on how to achieve your goal of getting a new job:

Stay positive
You can expect to sometimes have negative emotions during a long job search and it may seem difficult to remain positive.

Keep your spirits up by:

making sure you are still doing the things that relax you and make you happy such as exercise, spending time with friends and enjoying hobbies and interests.
taking time to dream. To offset some of the negative thoughts and feelings that may creep in when you've been job searching for a while, spend some time thinking about the future you would like to create for yourself.

joining a support group. Contact career advisors in private business, educational institutions and community organisations and ask for leads to support groups that can help you maintain a positive attitude.

setting up a positive support system. Talk to your family and friends and let them know what they can do. Work out who is prepared to support you and let them know what they can do to help. For example, you may need feedback on a cover letter, an opinion on interview clothes, childcare or just someone to talk to.

Be adaptable
Be open to the possibility that your next job might be two or three part-time jobs or contract work. Accept that the world of work has changed so that you don't shut yourself off from opportunities.

Think about the skills and expertise you can contribute to a potential employer's success, rather than a certain job title or role (for example, 'I'm a shoe salesperson'). Stay open to new ideas, think creatively and take risks.

Be persistent and patient
One of the main reasons people don't achieve their career objective is that they give up too early. Job searching is hard work and there are times when you will get discouraged.

If your search is not producing the results that you would like, avoid blaming yourself and try a different way of doing things.

Remember to also be patient. Your best efforts will not always produce immediate results. Don't take it personally when employers take their time in responding to your call or application - many are very busy.

Keep focused
Just about anything will sound better than looking for work, but don't get distracted.

Your priority is to find that new job. Be willing to explore and pursue every job lead, but focus your time and efforts on quality leads. The quality of leads and the quality of the effort matters more than the quantity.

Develop a routine
Work out a job search routine and stick to it. It will help you stay motivated and focused. If you are unemployed you may find it helpful to structure your day by:

developing a schedule and sticking to it
setting your alarm clock to get up
dressing like you would for work.
Plan your week
Set aside certain days, or certain hours of the day, for your job searching. Keep in mind the core business hours of the desired industry.

Be consistent in the amount of time you spend each week looking for a job. Regular effort is more likely to bring rewards.

Write 'to do' lists to keep you on target - a weekly one at the start of the week and a daily one every morning.

Prioritise, but ensure balance. On a typical day you should work on all parts of your job search (for example, generating new leads, following up leads, writing application letters and preparing for interviews).

You might find that you are more effective at some tasks at certain times of the day. For example, write application letters when your mind is fresh and energy levels high.

Set goals
Identify what you plan to accomplish. For example, if you set 9am to 12 noon Monday for responding to weekend newspaper advertisements, your goal could be to write five letters of application. Tuesday morning's goal could be registering with four labour hire companies, and 1pm to 4pm may be scheduled for making direct telephone contacts.

Be realistic, but challenge yourself. When you set a schedule make sure it is one that can be achieved. As you perform your tasks you will feel a sense of control and accomplishment.

Source : http://www2.careers.govt.nz/job_hunting_tips.html